Structure and sealing principle of skeleton oil seal
2023/10/27
The skeleton oil seal is relatively simple and generally consists of three parts: oil seal body, reinforced skeleton, and self tightening spiral spring. The sealing body is divided into bottom, waist, blade, and sealing lip according to different parts. Usually, in a free state, the inner diameter of a skeleton oil seal is smaller than the shaft diameter, which means it has a certain amount of "interference". Therefore, when the oil is encapsulated into the oil seal seat and shaft, the pressure of the oil seal blade and the contraction force of the self tightening spiral spring generate a certain radial tightening force on the shaft. After a period of operation, this pressure will quickly decrease or even disappear. Therefore, adding a spring can compensate for the self tightening force of the oil seal at any time.
Sealing principle:
Due to the presence of an oil film controlled by the oil seal blade between the oil seal and the shaft, this oil film has fluid lubrication characteristics. Under the action of liquid surface tension, the stiffness of the oil film precisely forms a crescent surface at the contact end between the oil film and air, preventing the leakage of the working medium and achieving the sealing of the rotating shaft. The sealing ability of an oil seal depends on the thickness of the oil film on the sealing surface. If the thickness is too large, the oil seal will leak; If the thickness is too small, dry friction may occur, causing wear on the oil seal and shaft; There is no oil film between the sealing lip and the shaft, which can easily cause heating and wear.
Therefore, during installation, it is necessary to apply some oil to the sealing ring while ensuring that the skeleton oil seal is perpendicular to the shaft centerline. If it is not perpendicular, the sealing lip of the oil seal will drain the lubricating oil from the shaft and cause excessive wear of the sealing lip. During operation, the lubricant inside the casing slightly seeps out to achieve the ideal state of forming an oil film at the sealing surface.
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